SUN PROTECTION / CREAM / LOTIO

Understanding SPF and PA Ratings

• SPF (Sun Protection Factor): Measures UVB protection — the rays that cause sunburn. SPF 50 blocks ~98% of UVB. Always choose SPF 30 minimum; SPF 50+ recommended for Singapore
• PA Rating: Measures UVA protection — the rays that cause aging and hyperpigmentation. PA+ = some protection; PA++++ = highest available. Always choose PA+++ or PA++++ in Singapore
• Broad-Spectrum: Protects against both UVA and UVB — always look for this on the label

Chemical vs Mineral vs Hybrid Sunscreen

• Chemical Sunscreen: Absorbs UV rays and converts to heat. Lightweight and invisible under makeup — most popular for daily SG use. Key filters: Tinosorb S/M, Uvinul A Plus
• Mineral / Physical Sunscreen: Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide physically block UV rays. Gentle for sensitive and acne-prone skin; may leave a slight white cast on deeper skin tones
• Hybrid Sunscreen: Combines chemical and mineral filters — best of both for broad-spectrum protection with a low-white-cast, skin-friendly finish

Textures for Singapore's Climate

• Oily / Acne-Prone Skin: Gel or fluid — mattifying, non-comedogenic, oil-free formulas
• Dry / Sensitive Skin: Cream with Hyaluronic Acid or Ceramides — protects without drying
• Daily Under Makeup: Essence or lightweight fluid — fastest absorbing and most comfortable in SG heat
• Tinted Sunscreen: SPF + light coverage — ideal for no-makeup makeup days

How to Apply Sunscreen Correctly

• Last step of skincare before makeup — never mix into foundation
• Use at least ¼ teaspoon (1.25ml) for your face alone — most people apply 20–50% of the needed amount
• Chemical: apply 15–20 minutes before sun exposure; mineral: effective immediately
• Reapply every 2 hours outdoors, after swimming, or after heavy sweating
• Don't forget: neck, ears, and hands